An Interactive Annotated World Bibliography of Printed and Digital Works in the History of Medicine and the Life Sciences from Circa 2000 BCE to 2022 by Fielding H. Garrison (1870-1935), Leslie T. Morton (1907-2004), and Jeremy M. Norman (1945- ) Traditionally Known as “Garrison-Morton”

15875 entries, 13820 authors and 1929 subjects. Updated: March 30, 2023

HOFFMAN, Frederick Ludwig

2 entries
  • 11823

Race traits and tendencies of the American Negro.

New York: American Economic Association, 1896.

Hoffman was statistician for the Prudential Insurance Company of America. This work, "Hoffman's first, characterized African Americans as exceptionally disease-prone. The work was motivated by a concern about issues of race, and also the need of insurance companies to justify the higher life insurance premiums charged to African Americans. An 1897 critique of this work by Kelly Miller in occasional papers of the American Negro Academy of Washington, D.C., pointed out sampling problems with the 1890 census, which was the statistical basis of the work, and that there were insufficient adjustments for environmental factors" (Wikipedia article on Frederick Ludwig Hoffman, accessed 2-2020).

Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.



Subjects: AFRICAN AMERICANS & MEDICINE & BIOLOGY, DEMOGRAPHY / Population: Medical Statistics
  • 2641

The mortality from cancer throughout the world.

Newark, NJ: Prudential Press, 1915.


Subjects: DEMOGRAPHY / Population: Medical Statistics, ONCOLOGY & CANCER